What is Chromosomal Microarray Analysis (CMA)
?
Chromosomal Microarray Analysis (CMA) is a sophisticated laboratory technique used to examine the DNA of an individual for abnormalities or variations. It is particularly valuable in identifying genetic conditions associated with developmental delays, intellectual disabilities, birth defects, or unexplained medical problems.
Why Chromosomal Microarray Analysis (CMA)
is required?
CMA is often recommended when:
- A child or adult exhibits developmental delays, intellectual disabilities, or birth defects.
- There is a family history of genetic disorders.
- Parents have concerns about their child’s growth or development.
- A couple is planning to have a child and has a history of genetic issues
which are the method of Chromosomal Microarray Analysis (CMA) ?
There are two primary methods of CMA:
- Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization (aCGH): This method compares the patient’s DNA to a reference DNA sample, identifying differences in DNA copy number (too much or too little DNA).
- Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) Array: This method analyzes specific variations in DNA sequences called SNPs, which can reveal deletions, duplications, or other structural changes.
who should go for Chromosomal Microarray Analysis (CMA)?
Individuals who may benefit from CMA include:
- Children with developmental delays or intellectual disabilities.
- Individuals with unexplained medical conditions or birth defects.
- Couples with a history of genetic disorders or recurrent miscarriages.
- Parents concerned about their child’s growth or development.
What are the results of Chromosomal Microarray Analysis (CMA) ?
CMA results can reveal a variety of genetic abnormalities, including:
- Deletions: A loss of DNA.
- Duplications: An extra copy of DNA.
- Inversions: A reversal of DNA sequence.
- Translocations: The exchange of DNA segments between chromosomes.
- Copy Number Variants (CNVs): Variations in the number of copies of a specific DNA sequence.
What are the components of Chromosomal Microarray Analysis (CMA) ?
A CMA test typically involves the following components:
- Blood or tissue sample: A blood sample is usually collected, but other tissue samples may be used in certain cases.
- DNA extraction: DNA is extracted from the sample and prepared for analysis.
- Hybridization: The prepared DNA is hybridized to a microarray chip containing millions of probes.
- Scanning and analysis: The microarray chip is scanned, and the data is analyzed to identify genetic abnormalities.
