Insulin: Used for type 1 diabetes.

Brief information about it:

Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that helps regulate blood sugar levels. In people with type 1 diabetes, the pancreas does not produce enough insulin,

or the body is unable to use insulin effectively.  

 Uses:

·  Type 1 diabetes: Insulin is essential for managing type 1 diabetes. It helps regulate blood sugar levels and prevents complications such as diabetic ketoacidosis.

·  Type 2 diabetes: In some cases, people with type 2 diabetes may require insulin therapy if their blood sugar levels cannot be controlled with diet, exercise, and oral medications.

 Mechanism of action:

Insulin helps glucose (sugar) from the blood to enter the body’s cells, where it is used for energy. By replacing the insulin that the body cannot produce, insulin therapy helps regulate blood sugar levels.

Elimination half life:

The elimination half-life of insulin varies depending on the specific type of insulin used. Rapid-acting insulins have a shorter half-life, while long-acting insulins have a longer half-life.

Route of Administration:

Insulin is typically administered by injection. The most common methods of insulin administration include:

• Subcutaneous injections: Insulin is injected under the skin.
• Intramuscular injections: Insulin can be injected into the muscle in certain situations.
• Insulin pumps: Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) pumps can deliver insulin continuously throughout the day.

 Side effects:

·  Hypoglycemia: The most common side effect of insulin therapy is hypoglycemia, or low blood sugar. Symptoms of hypoglycemia can include shaking, sweating, dizziness, and confusion.

·  Weight gain: Insulin therapy can sometimes lead to weight gain.

·  Allergic reactions: Allergic reactions to insulin are rare but possible.

 Dose:

The recommended dose of insulin varies depending on the individual’s blood sugar levels, lifestyle, and other factors. A healthcare professional will determine the appropriate dosage and injection schedule.

 Precautions:

·  Consult a doctor: Before starting insulin therapy, consult with a healthcare professional to ensure it is safe for you and to discuss potential risks and benefits.

·  Monitor blood sugar levels: Regular blood sugar monitoring is essential for managing insulin therapy.

·  Hypoglycemia awareness: Learn the signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia and carry a source of fast-acting glucose (such as glucose tablets or gel) at all times.

·  Medication interactions: Insulin may interact with certain medications. Inform your doctor about all the medications you are taking.