What is EGFR Testing?
EGFR (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor) testing is a genetic test used to identify specific mutations in the EGFR gene that may be present in lung cancer cells. These mutations can make the cancer cells more sensitive to certain targeted therapies, which can improve treatment outcomes.
Why EGFR Testing is required?
EGFR testing is crucial for:
- Identifying potential targeted therapies: If an EGFR mutation is found, patients may be eligible for targeted therapies that specifically block the EGFR receptor, potentially leading to better response rates and fewer side effects compared to traditional chemotherapy.
- Personalized treatment plans: EGFR testing helps to tailor treatment plans to the individual patient’s cancer characteristics, improving the overall effectiveness of care.
which are the method of EGFR Testing?
EGFR testing can be performed on:
- Tumor tissue: A biopsy or surgical specimen is taken from the lung tumor and analyzed for EGFR mutations.
- Cytology samples: Fluid samples obtained through procedures like bronchoscopy or pleural fluid aspiration can also be tested for EGFR mutations.
- Liquid biopsy: A newer technique involves analyzing circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in the bloodstream, which can provide information about the genetic makeup of the tumor without the need for a tissue biopsy.
who should go for EGFR Testing?
Patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) should undergo EGFR testing, especially if:
- They are nonsmokers or light smokers
- They have a history of adenocarcinoma lung cancer
- They are female
What are the results of EGFR Testing?
EGFR testing results can be classified as:
- Positive: A positive result indicates the presence of an EGFR mutation, suggesting that the patient may benefit from targeted therapy.
- Negative: A negative result means no EGFR mutation was detected, and alternative treatment options may be considered.
What are the components of EGFR Testing?
EGFR testing typically focuses on identifying specific mutations in the EGFR gene, such as:
- Exon 19 deletions
- L858R substitution
- T790M substitution
These mutations are associated with increased sensitivity to EGFR-targeted therapies like erlotinib, gefitinib, and afatinib.
